Moving to California

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Quick facts

Population39,529,000
State income tax13.30%
Avg. effective property tax0.71%
State sales tax7.25% (7.25%–11.25% combined)

California's defining fiscal story is a real, genuine tax-structure extreme rather than a single "high tax" label: the state carries the HIGHEST top marginal state income tax rate in the country -- a real, current 13.3% (a 9-bracket base schedule topping out at 12.3%, plus a separate 1% Mental Health Services Act surcharge on income above $1,000,000, a threshold not doubled for joint filers) -- alongside a statewide base sales tax rate of 7.25% that is itself among the highest in the country before local add-ons push combined rates to 7.25%-11.25%. Yet property tax runs genuinely, verifiably LOW on a statewide blended basis (roughly 0.71% average effective rate, below the national average) -- and this record explains precisely why that number is misleading for a prospective buyer: Proposition 13 caps a property's assessed value at its purchase price, rising at most ~2%/year until resale, so decades-long owners drag the blended average down while a household buying a comparable home today is reassessed at full market value and pays a real nominal rate closer to 1.10%-1.55%. California's homeowners-insurance picture carries the same kind of real, two-sided complexity: the statewide blended average premium runs genuinely below the national average, even as the state lives through a real, well-documented wildfire-insurance crisis -- State Farm and Allstate have both pulled back from writing new homeowners policies in high-risk areas, pushing a rapidly growing number of owners onto the California FAIR Plan (now carrying $750-768 billion in exposure), with the January 2025 Los Angeles wildfires alone generating an estimated $4 billion in FAIR Plan losses. Separately, California carries real, statewide San Andreas Fault earthquake risk that a standard homeowners policy does not cover -- earthquake coverage is a genuinely opt-in product through the California Earthquake Authority, and only roughly 13-16% of homeowners actually carry it despite a real, USGS-documented 72% probability of a major Bay Area earthquake before 2043. California's population and migration story is handled honestly here too: the state remains by far the most populous in the country (an estimated 39,529,000 as of July 2025) and its total population is modestly growing again -- but that growth depends entirely on net international migration and natural increase, because California has run a real, persistent net DOMESTIC outbound migration trend for more than 20 consecutive years. This is not an unqualified boomtown state, and this record does not force that narrative. California's regional diversity is more extreme than almost any other state in this project: the Bay Area/Silicon Valley's global tech capital, Greater LA's entertainment-industry sprawl, San Diego's major Navy/Marine Corps and biotech/binational-border economy, the Central Valley's agricultural heartland, Sacramento's more-affordable state-capital alternative, Wine Country, the rural North Coast, the Sierra Nevada/Lake Tahoe ski-resort corridor, and the Coachella Valley's desert-resort/retirement identity are all genuinely separate stories this record does not flatten into one "California."

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The tradeoffs

Pros

A real, extreme concentration of high-paying industries and career opportunity across genuinely distinct regional economies -- Silicon Valley's global tech capital, LA's entertainment industry, San Diego's biotech and military-adjacent economy, Sacramento's state-government base; a statewide blended homeowners-insurance average that genuinely runs below the national average, even amid the state's real wildfire-insurance crisis in specific high-risk zones; a genuinely low statewide blended property-tax rate for anyone who becomes (or already is) a long-tenured owner under Proposition 13's assessed-value cap; unmatched regional and climate diversity within a single state, from Mediterranean coastal living to alpine ski country to true desert; and a Democratic-leaning political and policy environment that some relocating households will specifically prefer.

Cons

The highest top marginal state income tax rate in the country (13.3%, reached at a comparatively low $1,000,000 threshold via the Mental Health Services Act surcharge, on top of an already-steep 12.3% base top rate) plus one of the highest state base sales tax rates nationally; a real, well-documented, and currently active wildfire-insurance crisis in which major carriers have stopped writing new policies in high-risk areas, pushing owners onto the state's FAIR Plan at higher cost and more limited coverage; a genuine, easy-to-underestimate gap between California's low BLENDED statewide property-tax average and the real, meaningfully higher nominal rate a recent buyer actually pays under Proposition 13; real, statewide San Andreas Fault earthquake risk not covered by standard homeowners insurance, with a documented, disclosed low take-up rate on the separate opt-in coverage that does protect against it; among the most expensive statewide housing markets in the country, with the Bay Area running dramatically higher still; and a real, persistent, more-than-20-year net domestic outbound migration trend this record does not paper over with an unqualified growth story.

Taxes

California's top state income tax rate is 13.30% (ustax.tools, "California Tax Brackets 2026" and "California State Income Tax -- 1%-13.3% (CA)"; KDA Inc., "2026 California Tax Brackets for Single Filers"; IncomeTaxByState.com, "California Income Tax 2026: 1% to 13.3%, 9 Brackets"; Reed CPA, "California Mental Health Tax (1% Surcharge)"). The statewide average effective property tax rate is 0.71%, though this varies significantly by county -- from 1.10% to 1.55%. A reliable statewide median annual property tax bill is not yet sourced.

Insurance

California's homeowners-insurance picture combines two real, simultaneously true facts this record does not collapse into one: on a statewide BLENDED basis, average annual premiums run genuinely below the national average (a real, disclosed range of roughly $1,324-$1,900/year depending on source and coverage level, $1,413/year a commonly cited single figure, versus a $2,395 national average per LendingTree's 2026 report) -- yet California is simultaneously in the middle of a real, well-documented, and consequential wildfire-insurance crisis. Major carriers including State Farm and Allstate have pulled back from writing new homeowners policies in high wildfire-risk areas, pushing a rapidly growing number of owners onto the California FAIR Plan (the state's insurer of last resort, now carrying $750-768 billion in exposure across roughly 684,000-697,000 policies as of 2026), with the January 2025 Los Angeles wildfires alone generating an estimated $4 billion in FAIR Plan losses and driving a CDI-approved 29.1% statewide FAIR Plan rate increase. Statewide premiums are also rising fast even outside high-risk zones -- roughly 16% in 2026 alone, among the steepest increases nationally. Separately, and just as real: California carries genuine, statewide San Andreas Fault earthquake risk that a standard homeowners policy does NOT cover -- earthquake coverage is a real, opt-in product overwhelmingly written through the California Earthquake Authority, and this record discloses a real, significant gap between documented seismic risk (a 72% probability of a magnitude 6.7+ Bay Area earthquake before 2043, per USGS) and actual coverage take-up (only roughly 13-16% of California homeowners carry it). This record does not soften any of these disclosures, nor does it let the favorable statewide blended-average premium stand in for the real, current crisis facing specific high-risk properties.

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Regions of California

Major cities we've researched in California

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Sources & last reviewed: 2026-08-25. Independent research; see individual metric entries for source attribution. This is not financial, tax, or legal advice.